中国拐卖人口重罪案件多维特征与形成机制     

徐嘉辉  李钢  洪丹丹  周俊俊  黄雨珊 《地理研究》2022,41(8):2221-2233

拐卖现象由来已久,不仅扰乱社会秩序,也给受害者及其家庭造成严重伤害。目前相关研究大多关注受害者,对犯罪者尤其死刑犯的研究开展不足。为此,基于中国裁判文书网数据,综合运用数理统计、空间分析与社会网络分析等方法,聚焦拐卖人口死刑犯,解析中国拐卖人口重罪案件的多维特征与形成机制。研究发现：① 死刑犯以男性为主,犯案年龄以25~45岁为最;死刑犯的文化水平低,小学文化占比过半;刑满释放的罪犯实际服刑的平均年限为17年。② 典型拐卖人口重罪案件的犯罪网络呈现出“核心-边缘”结构,核心节点为犯罪者,受害者和收买方处于边缘位置。③ 死刑犯被执行时间随年份呈“M”形波动,分为“增长期”“波动期”和“减少期”3个时期;存在2001年和2010年两个峰值年份。④ 死刑犯的籍贯地在全国呈现出“两片一点”的空间格局,集中分布在西南地区、华北地区和东南地区的福建省。具体来看,西南地区的死刑犯主要集中在云南省（昭通市和文山州）。此外,死刑犯的空间路径呈现“西南-华北”“西南-华南”与“西南-新疆”的流窜作案特征。最后,从多维度整合分析的视角发现拐卖人口重罪案件的形成主要受“差异梯度力”的影响,不同地区的自然社会条件为拐卖人口犯罪的发生提供了基本要素。  相似文献   

基于贝叶斯模型平均的全球洪水中长期预报评估研究     

俞明哲  刘剑宇  游元媛  刘翠艳 《地理科学》2022,42(9):1646-1653

筛选全球5839个水文站逐日径流数据,采用超阈值采样法提取洪水发生频率及时间,将各季节最大日流量作为季节洪水量级,以优选的多个大尺度气候因子的最佳前置月份序列作为潜在预报因子,基于贝叶斯模型平均法构建全球尺度洪水中长期预报模型,并利用均方误差技术指数（MSESS）评价模型的预报效果。结果表明：全球范围内,洪水量级和频率模拟预报效果合格（0.6>MSESS>0.2）的水文站点占比分别为48%和28%;利用前置季节气候因子数据,驱动所构建的洪水中长期预报模型,有效预报了2020年鄱阳湖流域洪水量级将异常偏高。  相似文献   

Hollow Cylinder Simulation Experiments of Galleries in Boom Clay Formation     

Vincent Labiouse  Claire Sauthier  Shuang You 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2014,47(1):43-55

In the context of nuclear waste disposal in clay formations, laboratory experiments were performed to study at reduced scale the excavation damaged zone (EDZ) induced by the construction of galleries in the Boom clay formation. For this purpose, thick-walled hollow cylindrical samples were subjected (after recovery of in situ stress conditions) to a decrease in the inner confining pressure aiming at mimicking a gallery excavation. X-ray computed tomography (XRCT) scans of the specimens were carried out through the testing cell before and after the mechanical unloading and allowed to quantify the displacements undergone by the clay as a result of the mechanical unloading. The deformation of the hollow cylinders and the inferred extent of the damaged zone around the central hole are found to depend on the orientation of the specimen with respect to the bedding planes and show a great similarity with in situ observations around galleries and boreholes at Mol URL in the Boom clay formation. In the experiments performed on samples cored parallel to the bedding, the damaged zone is not symmetrical with respect to the hole axis and extends more in the direction parallel to the bedding. It is the same for the radial convergence of the hole walls which is larger in the direction parallel to bedding than in the perpendicular one. In contrast, a test on a sample cored perpendicularly to the bedding did not show any ovalisation of the central hole after the mechanical unloading. These observations confirm the significance of the pre-existing planes of weakness (bedding planes) in Boom clay and the need for a correct consideration of the related mechanical anisotropy.  相似文献   

Social vulnerability to floods: a case study of Huaihe River Basin   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

Yong-Ling Zhang  Wen-Jiao You 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(3):2113-2125

Since ancient times, floods occurred frequently in Huaihe River with significant casualties and economic losses. In developing measures for disaster prevention or emergency response for disaster relief, the study of social vulnerability to floods in Huaihe River Basin should be strengthened. Based on the latest socioeconomic data, the index system of social vulnerability to floods was constructed from three dimensions: population, economy, and flood prevention. Sensitive indexes were identified from the original indexes by principal component analysis, and the social vulnerability index for floods was calculated for Huaihe River Basin. The results described the characteristics of the spatial distribution. It also demonstrated that vulnerability manifests itself as a regional phenomenon, with significant changes from city to city across the Huaihe River Basin. Understanding the impacts of changes in vulnerability was crucial in developing measures to prevent floods.  相似文献   

大黄鱼STAT6分子特征及其在溶藻弧菌感染后表达模式研究     

袁晓琴  陈友  荣毅  孟钰帆  任超群  母尹楠  陈新华 《海洋与湖沼》2022,53(5):1151-1160

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合成孔径雷达干涉测量原理与应用   总被引：12，自引：7，他引：5  

游新兆  乔学军  王琪  杜瑞林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2002,22(3):109-116

合成孔径雷达（SAR）是一种微波相干成像方法，应用不同波段的雷达信号可以对地球表面不同的散射特性成像。合成孔径雷达干涉（InSAR）是将两个不同轨道位置或不同时间获得的复数SAR数据进行相位差分处理，从这些差分干涉数据中可以提取特别有用的信息，用于绘制地形图，测量诸如地震、火山、冰川运动等造成的地形变，研究植被覆盖特性、洋流等。介绍了InSAR的基本原理与应用，并对影响干涉结果的一些重要因素进行了分析。  相似文献   

大气折射对InSAR影响的定量分析   总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9  

游新兆  王琪  乔学军  杜瑞林 《大地测量与地球动力学》2003,23(2):81-87

星载SAR重复轨道干涉利用不同时间观测的SAR影像数据形成干涉图，干涉相位中包含有成像几何、大气、地形以及地面形变等信息。为此，分析了干涉图中大气参数(气压、温度与相对湿度)对干涉相位的影响，计算了参数变化对干涉相位、高程与形变误差的影响量，并以图形方式描述了分析结果。  相似文献   

Simulating Astrophysical Jets in Laboratory Experiments     

Paul M. Bellan  Setthivoine You  Scott C. Hsu 《Astrophysics and Space Science》2005,298(1-2):203-209

Pulsed-power technology and appropriate boundary conditions have been used to create simulations of magnetically driven astrophysical jets in a laboratory experiment. The experiments are quite reproducible and involve a distinct sequence. Eight initial flux tubes, corresponding to eight gas injection locations, merge to form the jet, which lengthens, collimates, and eventually kinks. A model developed to explain the collimation process predicts that collimation is intimately related to convection and pile-up of frozen-in toroidal flux convected with the jet. The pile-up occurs when there is an axial non-uniformity in the jet velocity so that in the frame of the jet there appears to be a converging flow of plasma carrying frozen-in toroidal magnetic flux. The pile-up of convected flux at this “stagnation region” amplifies the toroidal magnetic field and increases the pinch force, thereby collimating the jet.  相似文献   

Collective spectra of resonant inverse Compton scattering of fast electrons in a varied magnetic field     

D. B. Liu  L. Chen  J. H. You  S. N. Zhang 《Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society》2006,370(2):911-923

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映秀-北川断裂带北川段唐家湾滑坡活动历史与形成机制          下载免费PDF全文

田尤  黄海  谢忠胜  佘涛  李金洋 《沉积与特提斯地质》2023,43(3):629-639

以映秀-北川断裂带北川段唐家湾滑坡为研究对象,基于地形资料、多期遥感与航拍影像,结合¹⁴C测年的方法,细分了唐家湾滑坡的活动历史,分析了2016年唐家湾滑坡再次复活的主要控制因素。研究结果表明：（1）唐家湾斜坡历史上至少发生过四期滑动,其中第一期次滑坡发生在全新世以前;第二期次滑坡发生于全新世初期;第三期次滑坡发生在2008年汶川地震时期,系龙门山断裂带活动过程中产生的同震滑坡;第四期次滑坡分别发生在2016年和2018年,属于断裂带滑坡堆积体的再次局部复活;（2）2016年唐家湾滑坡的形成与断裂活动、河流侧蚀和水等因素有关,其中,上覆滑坡堆积体、下伏高陡基岩形成的二元斜坡结构,是唐家湾滑坡发生的决定性条件;断裂活动及其导致的浅地表最大主应力偏转是唐家湾滑坡变形的重要内因;（3）以唐家湾滑坡为例,初步讨论了基于地形条件控制的断裂带滑坡堆积体复活的地质模型,其形成演化表现为断裂带活动和河流侵蚀形成滑坡（或陡峭地形）→先期滑坡后壁（或陡峭地形）接受上部老滑坡堆积→二元斜坡结构控制下的老滑坡复活变形。该滑坡为研究地形控制断裂带滑坡复活提供了独特的案例,研究成果对于理解和评估该类滑坡,开展综合防治等方面具有重要的借鉴价值。  相似文献